Pollinators -- such as bees, butterflies and birds -- are essential for agricultural production. However, natural pollination can also fail or be insufficient, which can lead to lower yields and ...

I had a surprise when I grew pumpkins. I intended to grow green pumpkins, but orange ones appeared. Mottled ones and whitish ones also showed up. They had cross-pollinated. I knew the cause. But at ...

Pollen of flowering plants can be dispersed by animals, wind or even by water. In assessing pollination modes, a fundamental question is how many flowering plants are pollinated by animals. Although ...

In nature, the quest to survive and spread is essential — and that’s certainly true for flowers. We might see them as vibrant harbingers of spring or precursors to juicy tomatoes, but from the ...

The angiosperms—flowering plants that produce seeds often enclosed within an edible fruit—are among the planet’s most successful life forms. More than 250,000 species of flowering plants have been ...